Research progress in multi-omics biomarkers involved in post-traumatic stress disorder / 中华创伤杂志

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness induced by exposure to severe stress-induced traumatic events. Repeated traumatic re-experience, avoidance, negative cognition and emotional changes seriously reduce the quality of life of PTSD patients. Currently, it is urgent to further clarify the etiology and molecular mechanism of PTSD in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment of PTSD. Considering the underlying pathophysiology is not entirely known, to identify the pertinent biomarkers of PTSD is critical in researching its incidence and progression. In contrast with the single-omics researches, multi-omics studies may methodically expand on biomolecular interactions from a range of angles, creating a new potential to comprehend the development of complicated human illnesses. Therefore, the authors review the research progress in PTSD biomarkers from aspects of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, hoping to provide a reference for future research and treatment of PTSD.

Research progress of cross-disease miRNA molecular markers in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Micro non-coding RNA (microRNA, miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA involved in gene expression regulation that plays an important role in the onset and development of mental illness. Evidence suggests that several miRNAs are dysregulated in patients with mental illnesses. Because of its stability and quantitative detection in peripheral blood and cerebral fluid, miRNA is a particularly attractive biomarker. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between mental illness and miRNAs, as well as the potential processes through which miRNAs contribute to disease etiology. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression are three major mental disorders with high disability and mortality. The study explored the particular dysregulated miRNAs for each condition as well as common dysregulated miRNAs across diseases. In this study, which analyzes the findings from relevant studies from 2016 to 2020, the authors discuss the functions of numerous severely dysfunctional miRNAs and their application potential in the field of psychiatry research.

Effect of desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia on balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand during cerebral revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia on balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand during cerebral revascularization in the patients with moyamoya disease.Methods Forty patients of both sexes with moyamoya disease,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,undergoing superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis,were allocated into 2 groups using a random number table method:desflurane-remifentanil group (D group) and propofol-remifentanil group (P group),with 20 cases in each group.Anesthesia was induced by intravenously injecting etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,sufentanil 0.4-0.5 μg/kg,and cis-atracurium 0.15-0.2 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation,and the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at 35-45 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 4-6 mg · kg-1 · h-1 (group P),4％-6％ desflurane (group D),remifentanil 0.1-0.3 μg· kg-1 · min-1,remifentanil 0.1-0.3 μg · kg-1 · min-1 and intermittent intravenous boluses of cis-atracurium,and BIS value was maintained at 40-60.At 15 min after intubation (T1),30 min after skin incision (T2),immediately after opening the dura mater (T3),immediately after vascular bypass and patency (T4),and at the end of surgery (T5),blood samples were obtained from the radial artery and internal jugular bulb for blood gas analysis,jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) was recorded,and arteriovenous blood O2 content difference (Da-jvO2) and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated.Results Compared with group P,Da-jvO2 at T3-6 and CERO2 at T4-6 were significantly decreased,and SjvO2 was increased at T4-6 in group D (P＜0.05).Compared with the value at T1,Da-jvO2 was significantly decreased,and SjvO2 was increased at T5 in group D (P＜0.05).CERO2 was significantly lower,and SjvO2 was higher at T5 than at T3 in group P (P＜0.05).Compared with the values at T4,CERO2 was significantly decreased,and SjvO2 was increased at T5 in P and D groups (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with propofol-remifentanil anesthesia,desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia can maintain the balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand better during cerebral revascularization in the patients with moyamoya disease.

Associations of neglect and physical abuse with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents in rural China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between neglect , physical abuse and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors among middle school students in rural China.@*Methods@#A total of 14 162 adolescents in Anhui, Guangdong, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Hubei provinces were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data were obtained on demographic information, neglect, physical abuse and non-suicidal self-injury from questionnaire survey.@*Results@#During the past year before survey, 13.5% of participants engaged in self-injury 5 times or more, 15.4% of participants engaged in self-injury 1 to 4 times. Both neglect and physical abuse were significantly associated with self-injury in adolescents(P<0.01). After adjusted for gender, ethnicity, the only-one child, family structure, family economic status, and other variables, multinomial logistic regression showed that neglect and physical abuse were positively associated with self-injury behavior(OR=1.43-3.23). There was a potential dose-response relationship of accumulating physical abuse types and self-injury, with more physical abuse types, the higher risk of self-injury behavior.@*Conclusion@#Neglect and physical abuse experience should be considered as a risk factor for NSSI among adolescents in rural China. Specific intervention targeting neglect and physical abuse should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of NSSI.

Niacin accelerates LDL-C uptake in HepG2 cells via downregulation of PCSK9 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effects of niacin on LDL-C uptake and metabolism in HepG2 cells,and to clarify the functions of niacin in lipid-lowering and slo-wing the atherosclerosis process,thus to provide a sci-entific basis for niacin as a lipid-lowering drug in clini-cal development.Methods Oil red O staining was used to observe HepG2 cells after lipid uptake.Enzy-matic method was used to determine the content of in-tracellular free cholesterol (FC)and total cholesterol (TC).The LDLR levels on the surface of cell mem-brane were detected by immunofluorescence flow cy-tometer.The mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR, SREBP2 and PCSK9 were analyzed by qPCR and Western blot.Results The results of oil red O staining showed that the rate of oil red O-positive cells and the number of red lipid droplets were significantly in-creased in niacin group than control group.Niacin sig-nificantly increased the levels of TC and FC in HepG2 cells(P <0.05 ).What’s more,niacin significantly upregulated the expression of LDLR and significantly downregulated the protein expression of PCSK9,while it had no effect on the expression of SREBP2.Conclu-sion Niacin accelerates LDL-C uptake probably via downregulating the expression of PCSK9 and reducing the degradation of LDLR protein in HepG2 cells.

An in vitro experimental study on the physical and elution properties of PMMA bone cement loaded with rifampicin, iso-niazid, pyrazinamide and moxifloxacin / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of Antituberculotic?loaded bone cement (ATLBC) prepared by mix?ing the anti?TB drugs Rifampicin (RFP), Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamid (PZA), Moxifloxacin (MFX) with Palacos R PMMA bone cement in Total Joint Arthroplasty treatment for Joint Tuberculosis. Methods Forty grams of Palacos R bone cement powder without antibiotics was mixed with 1 or 2 grams of RFP, INH, PZA and MFX respectively. According to ISO 5833:2002 stan?dard, 8 groups of ATLBC standard test specimen were prepared as experiment group and Palacos R PMMA bone cement with?out antibiotics was prepared as control group. Physical properties (such as the average dough time, curing time, maximum tem?perature), mechanical strength (such as the compressive strength, the bending resistance strength, the modulus of elasticity) and the concentrations of eluant drug in different time points of ATLBC were detected. Results In RFP (1 g), RFP (2 g), INH (1 g) and INH (2 g) group, the average dough time and curing time were longer than those in control group, which exceeded the standard scope of ISO, while the average maximum temperature was significantly lower than that in control group. The INH ( 1 g) group and INH (2 g) group hardened after mixing for 14 days. The RFP (1 g) group and RFP (2 g) group hardened after mixing for 30 days. Twenty minutes after mixing and hardening, the compressive strength, bending resistance strength and modulus of elastic?ity were significantly lower than the specified values of ISO standard. The physical properties and mechanical strength in PZA ( 1 g) group, PZA (2 g) group, MFX (1 g) group, MFX (2 g) group and control group were in accordance with the specified values of ISO standard, and they hardened after 20 minutes. In RFP (1 g) group, RFP (2 g) group, INH (1 g) group, INH (2 g) group, PZA (1 g) group, PZA (2 g) group, MFX (1 g) group and MFX (2 g) group, the concentration of eluant could maintain for 3 days, 7 days, 90 days, 90 days, 45 days, 60 days, 60 days and 60 days respectively. Conclusion RFP and INH mixing with Palacos R PMMA bone cement can hinder the aggregation of bone cement so they are unsuitable for preparing ATLBC. PZA and MFX mixing with Palacos R PMMA bone cement do not affect the physical properties of bone cement, with excellent mechanical strength and elu?tion properties. Because the minimal inhibitory concentration of PZA is higher and its antimicrobial activity maintains shorter time, while MFX maintains longer time in antimicrobial activity, it's more suitable for the preparation of ATLBC.

Determination of naphthopyrone glycosides and anthraquinone aglycone in Cassia tora L by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for determination of effective components of naphthopyrone glycosides and anthraquinone aglycone in Cassia tora L.Methods The separation was performed on a Sunfire C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm), and column temperature 30 ℃.Aetonitrile-0.1% H3PO4 was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was at 278 nm and 284 nm.Relative correction factor by determination of Between aurantio-obtusin and rubrofusarin-gentiobioside or chrysophanol or physcion.the method was evaluated for reproducibility, and the difference between calculated and measured values was compared. Results Rubrofusarin-gentiobioside, aurantio-obtusin, chrysophanol and physcion respectively 0.0503-1.5078, 0.3197-9.5899, 0.5070-15.2108, 0.4027-12.0814μg showed a good linear relationship, and the regression equation is Y =4.95X +2.01(R2 =0.9998),Y =1.03X +0.03(R2 =0.9999),Y=3.98X-0.12(R2 =0.9993),Y =4.81X +0.26(R2 =0.9996).The quantitative results of six batches of Cassia tora L by QAMS was basically consistent with that by external standard method.Conclusion The QAMS method was reliable and accurate, which might be used for the quality control of Cassia tora L.

Relationship between HDL subclass distribution and plasma glucose and lipid levels in patients with metabolic syndrome / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate high-density lipoprotein ( HDL) subclass distribution and to analyze the rela-tionship between HDL subclasses with plasma glucose and lipids in metabolic syndrome ( MS) .METHODS:Apolipopro-tein A-I ( apoA-I) contents of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated with immunodetection .The concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins in the plasma were measured by an automated bio -chemical analyzer .RESULTS:Compared with the controls , the levels of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride ( TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B100(apoB100), apoB100/apoA-I, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI) and HDL3b were increased in the MS patients (P<0.05).Meanwhile, HDL-C, apoA-I and preβ2-HDL, HDL2a and HDL2b were decreased in the MS patients (P<0.01).With the increase in the plasma glucose level , the contents of HDL2a and HDL2b were decreased in the MS patients (P<0.05), while preβ1-HDL was increased (P<0.05).With the decrease in the HDL-C level, the content of HDL2b was decreased in the MS patients (P<0.01), while preβ1-HDL was increased (P<0.01).With the increase in the TG level and the decrease in the HDL-C level, the content of HDL2b had a decrea-sing trend and the content of small-particle preβ1-HDL had an increasing trend , indicating that HDL maturation metabolism was disrupted.The correlation analysis showed that FPG was negatively correlated with the levels of HDL 2a and HDL2b, HDL-C was negatively correlated with the level of preβ1-HDL and positively correlated with the level of HDL 2b , and TG was positively correlated with the levels of preβ1-HDL and HDL3b .CONCLUSION:With the increases in the plasma glucose and TG, and the decrease in HDL-C in the MS patients, HDL particles have minifying tendency , and the maturation me-tabolism of HDL particles is disrupted .

Role of PCSK9 and IDOL in curcumin accelerating LDL-C uptake in HepG2 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the lipid-lowering mecha-nisms of curcumin from the molecular levels and pro-vide scientific basis for clinical development of lipid-lowering drugs.Methods Using oil red O staining and enzymic to determinate the levels of cholesterol in HepG2 cells.Moreover,uptaking of DiI-LDL was also measured.The expressions of mRNA and protein were detected by RT-Q-PCR and Western blot.Results The red lipid droplets and the levels of TC and FC sig-nificantly increased in HepG2 cells after treated with curcumin.The orange red fluorescence was higher than that of control.Curcumin could promote the expression levels of mRNA and protein of SREBP2 and LDLR, what′s more,curcumin could reduce the expression of the mature PCSK9 level and IDOL protein.Conclu-sion Curcumin accelerates LDL-C uptake probably via downregulating the expression of PCSK9 and IDOL in HepG2 cells.

MiR-24 improves beta-like globin gene expression through targeting Sp1 / 生物工程学报

We studied the function and mechanism of miR-24 in regulating beta-like globin gene expression. We first detected the expression of miR-24 during erythroid differentiation and also detected the globin gene expression in miR-24 overexpressing K562 cells through q-PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting were used to identify target genes of miR-24. "Rescue experiment" was further used to investigate the regulation of miR-24 on globin gene expression whether depending on targeting Sp1 or not. We found that miR-24 increased during hemin-induced K562 cells and EPO-induced HPCs (hematopoietic progenitor cells) erythroid differentiation. Overexpression of miR-24 in K562 cells promoted the epsilon- and gamma-globin gene expression during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation through targeting the negative globin regulator Sp1. These results suggested that miR-24 can improve the expression of beta-like globin gene through targeting Sp1.

A novel xeno-free and feeder-cell-free system for human pluripotent stem cell culture

While human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have promising applications in regenerative medicine, most of the hiPSC lines available today are not suitable for clinical applications due to contamination with nonhuman materials, such as sialic acid, and potential pathogens from animal-product-containing cell culture systems. Although several xeno-free cell culture systems have been established recently, their use of human fibroblasts as feeders reduces the clinical potential of hiPSCs due to batch-to-batch variation in the feeders and time-consuming preparation processes. In this study, we have developed a xeno-free and feeder-cell-free human embryonic stem cell (hESC)/hiPSC culture system using human plasma and human placenta extracts. The system maintains the self-renewing capacity and pluripotency of hESCs for more than 40 passages. Human iPSCs were also derived from human dermal fibroblasts using this culture system by overexpressing three transcription factors-Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. The culture system developed here is inexpensive and suitable for large scale production.

Identification of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants by HPLC fingerprint / 中成药

AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint for the identification of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants. METHODS: The chromatographic seperation was performed on a Diamonsil C_(18) (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid, gradient eluent, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection was set at 340 nm. RESULTS: There was an apparent difference in fingerprint between Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants. CONCLUSION: The method is stable and reliable with a good reproducibility andprovides a reference standard for identifying Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants.

A Study on Internet Addiction Disorder and Its Psychological Factors in Colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To study the Internet addiction disorder,262 college students were investigated by IAD Scale,Internet Usage Inventory,IAS Scale and Shyness Scale.The results showed:(1)Significant difference existed in IAD between freshman and Sophomore,between science and arts student.(2)Significant difference existed in the age of Internet use,on-line place,on-line time and the type of playing games.(3)College students'IAD is closely related to interaction anxiousness and shyness.

Effects of naloxone at different doses on neurons of cerebral cortex in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Naloxone has a significant arousal effect on many types of comas. It is usually believed that this is because its inhibition on endogenous opioid peptides. But depth of coma is not necessarily positively correlated to endorphin (EP).OBJECTIVE: Based on existing findings on direct stimulating effect of naloxone on cerebral cortex, further studies need to be done to explore whether it is dose-dependent or not.DESIGN: Single-factor design based on cells.SETTING: Neurology department in a university hospital and the neurology department in a hospital of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was completed in the Laboratory Center of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Thirty healthy new born Wistar rats, regardless of their gender, aging 8 - 12 days and weighing 150 -250 g, were selected.METHODS: The experiment was performed at room temperature. The perfusion slot were placed on the microscope stage, and cells with smooth surfaces, triangle or pyramidal shapes, strong refraction and more than one neurites were selected for patch clamp experiment. Patch clamp whole-cell recording technique was used to measure the pyramidal cells of the frontal lobe immediately after separated from the Wistar rats, and to investigate the fluctuations of their membrane potential of cerebral cortex neurons and the frequencies of their spontaneous electric activities after administration of naloxone at different doses.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The neural excitatory reaction rate, depolarization amplitude and increasing rate of spontaneous electric activities after administration of different doses of naloxone were selected as main outcome measurements.RESULTS: The excitatory reaction rates of cerebral cortex neurons immediately after separation to doses of naloxone(100, 50, 10, 1, 0. 1 μmol/L)were 83%, 67%, 86%, 71% and 33%; while the depolarization amplitude of them were 9. 8, 9.6, 8.4, 5.2 and 1. 3 mV respectively; and the corresponding spontaneous electric activity were increased by 587% , 375% ,291%, 125% and 69%.CONCLUSION: Naloxone can induce excitatory reactions in cerebral cortex neurons directly, and the reactions have proved to be dose-dependent.

Identification of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants by HPLC fingerprint / 中成药

AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint for the identification of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants. METHODS: The chromatographic seperation was performed on a Diamonsil C_18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid,gradient eluent,at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detection was set at 340 nm. RESULTS: There was an apparent difference in fingerprint between Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants. CONCLUSION: The method is stable and reliable with a good reproducibility and provides a reference standard for identifying Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides and its adulterants.